ʻO ka nele o ka peptide i loko o ke kino e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pale ʻana, a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka maʻi, a me ka make nui.Eia nō naʻe, me ka ulu wikiwiki o ka immunology hou, ua ʻike mālie nā kānaka e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka peptide nutrient a me ka pale ʻana.E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, hiki i ka peptide malnutrition i ke kino ke kumu i ka hypoplasia a me ka atrophy o nā ʻōpū immune, a he hopena hoʻihoʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka cellular a me ka pale humoral.

E loli ke kino o ke kino ke nele i ka peptide.Aia paha ʻelua kumu:

(1)ʻAi ʻai mua.Loaʻa i ka meaʻai ka haʻahaʻa o ka protein a i ʻole ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka protein, no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka protein peptide liʻiliʻi.

(2)ʻAiʻai lua.Hoʻohaʻahaʻa ke kino o ke kanaka i ka protein, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻilihune ka hiki ke ʻeli i ka protein, a ʻilihune hoʻi ka absorption.ʻO ia hoʻi, he lua ia i kekahi mau maʻi, ka mea e hiki ai i ke kino ke hana i nā peptides, ka hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻole, ka hoʻohana pono ʻole, a i ʻole ka excretion excessive.

ʻO ka peptide malnutrition ka hemahema meaʻai nui, i hōʻike ʻia i ka emaciation, edema a me ka luhi.

(1)Hōʻike ʻia ka emaciation e ke kaumaha nui o ka pohō, ka nalowale o ka ʻiʻo subcutaneous, a me ka nalowale nui o nā ʻiʻo kino, e like me ka iwi iwi.

(2)Hōʻike ʻia ka edema e ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻiʻo, hoʻonui i ka spleen, hoʻonui i ka ate, hoʻemi i ka hana o ka ate, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hoʻonui ʻia a me ka make o nā maʻi bacterial.

(3)Hōʻike ʻia ka luhi e ka hiamoe, hiamoe maikaʻi ʻole, trance, paʻa o ka umauma, pōkole o ka hanu, ʻehaʻeha, etc.

ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hana immune o ka poʻe me ka peptide malnutrition ma mua o ka pae maʻamau.ʻO ka hana kiko'ī penei:

ʻO Thymus a me nā lymph nodes: ʻO nā kino a me nā ʻiʻo mua i loaʻa i ka peptide malnutrition ʻo ia ka thymus a me nā lymph nodes.ʻO ka nui o ka thymusemi iho, ua emi ke kaumaha, ua maopopo ole ka palena ma waena o ka cortex a me ka medulla, a ua emi ka helu kelepona.ʻO ka nui, ke kaumaha, ke ʻano o ka ʻiʻo, ka nui o ka cell a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka spleen a me nā lymph nodes i ʻike ʻia nā loli degenerative.Inā hele pū me ka maʻi, e emi hou ke kino lymphatic.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e hiki ke hoʻi hou ka ʻiʻo thymus i ka maʻamau ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka meaʻai peptide i nā holoholona i nele i ka meaʻai peptide.

ʻO ka immune cell e pili ana i ka palekana i hana ʻia e nā T lymphocytes.Ke nele ka meaʻai peptide, emi ka thymus a me nā ʻiʻo ʻē aʻe a pili ka ulu ʻana o nā cell T.ʻAʻole hōʻike wale ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka hana immune cellular e like me ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā pūnae T, akā, nā hana hewa pū kekahi.

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa humoral ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana e nā lymphocytes B kūloko.Ke nele ke kino o ke kanaka i ka meaʻai protein peptide, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe loli i ka helu o nā cell B i ke koko peripheral.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hana e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka peptide nutrition disorder, maʻamau a ʻoi iki paha ke kiʻekiʻe o ka serum, ʻoiai ke hele pū ʻia me ka maʻi, a ʻoi aku ka hopena o ka hana ʻana o ka immunoglobulin i ka wā i nele ai ka peptide, no laila he mea nui. hana pale i nā antibodies.

HoʻopihaʻōnaehanaLoaʻa ka hopena o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka pane ʻana, me ka hopena o ka opsonization, ka hoʻopili immune, phagocytosis, chemotaxis o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me ka neutralization o nā maʻi.Ke nele ka meaʻai protein peptide, ʻo ka hoʻopiha piha a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka C3 ma kahi pae koʻikoʻi a i ʻole ka emi ʻana, a emi iho kā lākou hana.ʻO kēia no ka emi ʻana o ka helu o ka hoʻohui ʻana.Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka antigen i ka maʻi, hoʻonui ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka complement.

Phagocytes: I nā poʻe maʻi me ka hemahema o ka protein peptide koʻikoʻi, ka nui o nā neutrophils.aʻAʻole hoʻololi ko lākou mau hana.ʻO ka chemotaxis o nā pūnaewele he mea maʻamau a lohi iki paha, a he mea maʻamau ka hana phagocytic, akā nāwaliwali ka hiki ke pepehi i nā microorganism i moni ʻia e nā cell.Inā hoʻonui ʻia ka peptide i ka manawa, hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ka hana o nā phagocytes ma hope o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule.

ʻO nā ʻōnaehana pale ʻē aʻe: He mau loli koʻikoʻi kekahi o ka hiki ke pale ʻole i ka wā e nele ana ka peptide ikaika, e like me ka emi ʻana o ka hana lysozyme i loko o ka plasma, nā waimaka, saliva a me nā mea huna ʻē aʻe, deformation o nā mucosal epithelial cell, mucosal replenishment a me nā loli i ka neʻe cilia.tʻO ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka hana interferon, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka maʻi o ka mea hoʻokipa.