I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ʻo EmilFischer, ka mea lanakila o ka Nobel Prize in Chemistry i ka makahiki 1901, i hoʻohui ʻia i ka dipeptide o glycine no ka manawa mua, e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano maoli o ka peptide i haku ʻia me nā iwi amide.Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo”peptide”, ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka noiʻi ʻepekema o peptide.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā amino acids ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa o ke kino'ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā meaʻai protein, ʻoiai ʻo nā peptides i ʻike wale ʻia ma ke ʻano he decomposition lua o ka protein.Me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka meaʻai, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ma hope o ka ʻeli ʻana o ka protein a me ka decomposed, i nā manawa he nui, ʻo nā peptides liʻiliʻi i haku ʻia me 2 a 3 mau amino acids e hoʻopili pololei ʻia e ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi o ke kanaka, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka absorption ma mua o kēlā. ʻo nā ʻakika amino hoʻokahi.Ua ʻike mālie ka poʻe ʻo ka peptide liʻiliʻi kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi o ke ola, a ua komo kāna hana ma nā wahi āpau o ke kino.

ʻO ka Peptide ka polymer o ka waikawa amino, a he ʻano hui ma waena o ka amino acid a me ka protein, a ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha ʻelua mau amino acids e pili ana kekahi i kekahi ma o ke kaulahao peptide.No laila, i ka huaʻōlelo hoʻokahi, hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo i ka peptide he huahana decomposition pau ʻole o ka protein.

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā peptide me nā waikawa amino ma kahi ʻano i hoʻopili ʻia e ke kaulahao peptide.

E like me ka nomenclature i ʻae ʻia, ua mahele ia i oligopeptides, polypeptide a me ka protein.

ʻO ka Oligopeptide ka 2-9 amino acids.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Polypeptide me 10-50 amino acids.

ʻO ka protein he peptide derivative i haku ʻia ma mua o 50 mau amino acids.

He manaʻo ia i ka wā i komo ai ka protein i loko o ke kino, a ma lalo o ka hana o nā enzyme digestive i loko o ka digestive tract e ʻeli iho i polypeptide, oligopeptide, a hiki ke decomposed i loko o nā waikawa amino manuahi, a ʻo ka absorption no ke kino i ka protein hiki wale nō. hana ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā waikawa amino manuahi.

Me ka ulu wikiwiki o ka ʻepekema olaola hou a me ka meaʻai, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema hiki i ka oligopeptide ke komo piha i ka ʻōpū, a ʻae ʻia e ka poʻe e like me ka oligopeptide ʻano I a me ke ʻano II ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia.

Ua ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻepekema ʻo ka oligopeptide he ʻano hana absorption kūʻokoʻa.

1. Hoʻopili pololei me ka ʻole o ka digestion.Loaʻa iā ia kahi kiʻi pale ma luna o kona ʻili, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopili ʻia i ka hydrolysis enzymatic e kahi ʻano o nā enzymes i loko o ka ʻōnaehana digestive kanaka, a komo pololei i ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi i kahi ʻano piha a komo ʻia e ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi.

2. Hoʻopili wikiwiki.Me ka ʻole o ka ʻōpala a i ʻole ka lepo, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana no nā cell i poino.

3. Ma ke ano he alahaka o ka lawe.Hoʻololi i nā ʻano meaʻai āpau i nā cell, nā ʻāpana a me nā hui i loko o ke kino.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma nā ʻano he nui e like me ka mālama olakino, ka meaʻai a me ka mea hoʻonaninani me ka maʻalahi o ka absorption, nā mea momona momona a me nā hopena physiological like ʻole, a lilo ia i wahi wela hou ma ke kahua ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe.Ua ʻike ʻia ka peptide mole liʻiliʻi e ka National Doping Control Analysis Organization ma ke ʻano he huahana palekana no ka poʻe haʻuki e hoʻohana ai, a ke lawe nei ka People's Liberation Army Eighth One Industrial Brigade i nā peptides liʻiliʻi.Ua hoʻololi nā peptides liʻiliʻi i nā pahu ikehu i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea pāʻani i ka wā ma mua.Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka inu ʻana i ke kīʻaha o nā peptides mole liʻiliʻi no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke kino kino a mālama i ke olakino ma mua o nā pahu ikehu.Maikaʻi no ka ʻeha a me ka iwi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka hana hoʻoponopono o nā peptides liʻiliʻi.